Shields from 13th century
title: Scudi del XIII secolo
subject: illustration
description: Illustration of shields from the 13th century from the book "History of Costumes of Peoples Throughout the Centuries" by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934.. It is noted from the handwritten statutes of Ferrara from 1268 and a later one from the Republic of Modena that each soldier was required to have a cassettum, greaves and shin guards, iron gloves, an iron cap or helmet, a helm, lance, and shield, as well as a sword, spontoon, dagger, and a good horse saddle. The shields generally used by Italians were the scudo, rotella, brocchiere, targa, and pavese (from the city of Pavia), varying by shape and material (they could be made of copper, steel, wood, and leather).
description: Illustrazione di scudi di cavalieri del XIII secolo dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934. Si rileva dagli statuti ferraresi manoscritti del 1268 e in uno posteriore della Repubblica di Modena, che ciascun soldato era tenuto ad avere panciera o cassettum, gambiere e schinieri, guanti di ferro, cappellina o cappello di ferro, elmo, lancia e scudo, spada, spontone, coltello e buona sella da cavallo. Gli scudi generalmente usati dagli italiani erano lo scudo, la rotella, il brocchiere, la targa e il pavese (dalla città di Pavia), a seconda della loro forma e del materiale (potevano essere di rame, acciaio, legno e cuoio).
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Axes, pikes and maces
title: Asce, picche e mazze
subject: illustration
description: Illustration of axes, pikes and maces from the 13th century from the book "History of Costumes of Peoples Throughout the Centuries" by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934.. It is noted from the handwritten statutes of Ferrara from 1268 and a later one from the Republic of Modena that each soldier was required to have a cassettum, greaves and shin guards, iron gloves, an iron cap or helmet, a helm, lance, and shield, as well as a sword, spontoon, dagger, and a good horse saddle. The image shows the mace, the small mallet, the maul, and the hammer. These were the weapons of bishops and abbots who took part in battles.
description: Illustrazione di asce, picche e mazze di cavalieri del XIII secolo dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934. Si rileva dagli statuti ferraresi manoscritti del 1268 e in uno posteriore della Repubblica di Modena, che ciascun soldato era tenuto ad avere panciera o cassettum, gambiere e schinieri, guanti di ferro, cappellina o cappello di ferro, elmo, lancia e scudo, spada, spontone, coltello e buona sella da cavallo. L'immagine mostra la mazza, il maglietto, il maglio e il martello. Erano le armi dei vescovi e degli abati che prendevano parte alle battaglie.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Arrows
title: Frecce
subject: illustration
description: Illustration of arrows from the 13th century from the book "History of Costumes of Peoples Throughout the Centuries" by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934. It is noted from the handwritten statutes of Ferrara from 1268 and a later one from the Republic of Modena that each soldier was required to have a cassettum, greaves and shin guards, iron gloves, an iron cap or helmet, a helm, lance, and shield, as well as a sword, spontoon, dagger, and a good horse saddle. There were many types of arrows: darts, javelins, bolts, chivarine, quarrels, balzoni, and verrettoni. They were launched by hand or with crossbows, which had such powerful firing force that, in 1139, Pope Innocent II threatened excommunication for any Christian who used them.
description: Illustrazione di frecce di cavalieri del XIII secolo dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934. Si rileva dagli statuti ferraresi manoscritti del 1268 e in uno posteriore della Repubblica di Modena, che ciascun soldato era tenuto ad avere panciera o cassettum, gambiere e schinieri, guanti di ferro, cappellina o cappello di ferro, elmo, lancia e scudo, spada, spontone, coltello e buona sella da cavallo. I tipi di freccia furono molti: dardi, giavellotti, saette, chivarine, quadrelli, balzoni, verrettoni. Venivano lanciati a mano o con le balestre, che avevano una forza di lancio tanto forte che Innocenzo II, nel 1139, minacciò di anatema chi ne avesse fatto uso tra i cristiani.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Crossbow
title: Balestra
subject: illustration
description: Illustration of a crossbow from the 13th century from the book "History of Costumes of Peoples Throughout the Centuries" by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934. It is noted from the handwritten statutes of Ferrara from 1268 and a later one from the Republic of Modena that each soldier was required to have a cassettum, greaves and shin guards, iron gloves, an iron cap or helmet, a helm, lance, and shield, as well as a sword, spontoon, dagger, and a good horse saddle. The arrows were launched by hand or with crossbows, which had such powerful firing force that, in 1139, Pope Innocent II threatened excommunication for any Christian who used them.
description: Illustrazione di una balestra del XIII secolo dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934. Si rileva dagli statuti ferraresi manoscritti del 1268 e in uno posteriore della Repubblica di Modena, che ciascun soldato era tenuto ad avere panciera o cassettum, gambiere e schinieri, guanti di ferro, cappellina o cappello di ferro, elmo, lancia e scudo, spada, spontone, coltello e buona sella da cavallo. Le frecce venivano lanciate a mano o con le balestre, che avevano una forza di lancio tanto forte che Innocenzo II, nel 1139, minacciò di anatema chi ne avesse fatto uso tra i cristiani.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Italian clothing from the 16th and 17th century
title: Abiti italiani del XVI e XVII secolo
subject: illustration
description: Color illustration by Tancredi Scarpelli from the book "History of Costumes of Peoples Throughout the Centuries" by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934. The first image shows the formal attire of Milanese nobles from 1598. The second one shows the clothing of Brescians, Veronese, Vicentians, and Paduans from the 16th century. The third one shows the clothing of the 17th century.
description: Illustrazioni a colori di Tancredi Scarpelli dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934. La prima immagine mostra abiti di gala dei nobili milanesi del 1598. La seconda gli abiti bresciani, veronesi, vicentini e padovani del XVI secolo. La terza immagine gli abiti del XVII secolo.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Italian clothing from the 19th century
title: Abiti italiani del XVI, XVII e XVIII secolo
subject: illustration
description: Color illustration by Tancredi Scarpelli from the book "History of Costumes of Peoples Throughout the Centuries" by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934. The first image shows clothing from the first half of the 19th century. The second shows traditional clothing in Italy: 1: Trasteverino, 2: Ciociara from the Roman countryside, 3 and 4: villagers from Puglia, 5 and 6: peasants from Molise, 7: Calabrian, 8: Neapolitan Lazarus, 9: Neapolitan sailor. The third shows other traditional clothing in Italy: 1: young man from Valtellina, 2 and 3: villagers from the mountains of Lake Maggiore, 4, 5, and 6: villagers from Lombardy, 7: sailor from Chioggia, 8: Venetian milkmaid, 9: Italian Tyrol
description: Illustrazioni a colori di Tancredi Scarpelli dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934. La prima immagine mostra abiti della prima metà del XIX secolo. La seconda mostra abiti popolari in Italia: 1: trasteverino, 2: ciociara della campagna romana, 3 e 4: paesani di Puglia, 5 e 6: contadini del Molise, 7: calabrese, 8: lazzaro napoletano, 9: marinaio napoletano. La terza mostra altri abiti popolari in Italia: 1: giovane valtellinese, 2 e 3: paesani delle montagne del Lago Maggiore, 4 e 5 e 6: paesani di Lombardia, 7: marinaio di Chioggia, 8: lattaia veneta, 9: tirolo italiano.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Italian clothing from the 19th century
title: Abiti italiani del XIX secolo
subject: illustration
description: Color illustration by Tancredi Scarpelli from the book "History of Costumes of Peoples Throughout the Centuries" by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934. The first image shows clothing from the first half of the 19th century. The second shows traditional clothing in Italy: 1: Trasteverino, 2: Ciociara from the Roman countryside, 3 and 4: villagers from Puglia, 5 and 6: peasants from Molise, 7: Calabrian, 8: Neapolitan Lazarus, 9: Neapolitan sailor. The third shows other traditional clothing in Italy: 1: young man from Valtellina, 2 and 3: villagers from the mountains of Lake Maggiore, 4, 5, and 6: villagers from Lombardy, 7: sailor from Chioggia, 8: Venetian milkmaid, 9: Italian Tyrol
description: Illustrazioni a colori di Tancredi Scarpelli dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934. La prima immagine mostra abiti della prima metà del XIX secolo. La seconda mostra abiti popolari in Italia: 1: trasteverino, 2: ciociara della campagna romana, 3 e 4: paesani di Puglia, 5 e 6: contadini del Molise, 7: calabrese, 8: lazzaro napoletano, 9: marinaio napoletano. La terza mostra altri abiti popolari in Italia: 1: giovane valtellinese, 2 e 3: paesani delle montagne del Lago Maggiore, 4 e 5 e 6: paesani di Lombardia, 7: marinaio di Chioggia, 8: lattaia veneta, 9: tirolo italiano.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Greek hairstyles
title: Acconciature greche
subject: illustration
description: Illustration of various Greek hairstyles from the book "History of Costumes of Peoples Throughout the Centuries" by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934. In Greece, hair was considered one of the most beautiful ornaments of female beauty. Shaving a woman's hair was a sign of great mourning or sacrifice. During wedding rituals, they offered their hair to Juno and Diana.
description: Illustrazione delle varie pettinature greche dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934. In Grecia i capelli erano considerati uno dei più belli ornamenti della bellezza femminile. Il radersi i capelli nelle donne era segno di grande lutto o di sacrificio. Nei riti nuziali offrivano a Giunione e Diana i loro capelli.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Theatrical masks
title: Maschere sceniche
subject: illustration
description: Illustration of Greek theatrical masks from the book 'History of the Costume of Peoples Through the Centuries' by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934. For theatrical competitions, each of the ten tribes had a chorus and a leader, called the 'correggitore,' who had to be at least forty years old. It was his responsibility to select the actors. He was assisted by a dance master and a flute player. Special judges were appointed to judge these competitions, and the prize awarded to the winners was generally a metal tripod of varying value, kept in a temple in honor of the victors.
description: Illustrazione di maschere sceniche greche dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934. Per le gare sceniche, ognuna delle dieci tribù aveva un coro e il capo che lo dirigeva, chiamato correggitore, che doveva avere almeno quarant'anni. A lui spettava di scegliere gli attori. Aveva come collaboratori un maestro di danza e un suonatore di flauto. Speciali giudici erano chiamati a giudicare queste gare, e il premio assegnato ai vincitori era generalmente un tripode di metallo più o meno prezioso, conservato in un tempio a gloria dei vincitori.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Musical instruments
title: Strumenti musicali
subject: illustration
description: Illustration of Greek musical instruments from the book 'History of the Costume of Peoples Through the Centuries' by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934. Music accompanied sacrifices, weddings, the first night of marriage, and funerals.
description: Illustrazione di strumenti musicali greci dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934. La musica accompagnava i sacrifici, le nozze, la prima notte di nozze e i funerali.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence