Italian clothing from the 16th and 17th century
title: Abiti italiani del XVI e XVII secolo
subject: illustration
description: Color illustration by Tancredi Scarpelli from the book "History of Costumes of Peoples Throughout the Centuries" by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934. The first image shows the formal attire of Milanese nobles from 1598. The second one shows the clothing of Brescians, Veronese, Vicentians, and Paduans from the 16th century. The third one shows the clothing of the 17th century.
description: Illustrazioni a colori di Tancredi Scarpelli dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934. La prima immagine mostra abiti di gala dei nobili milanesi del 1598. La seconda gli abiti bresciani, veronesi, vicentini e padovani del XVI secolo. La terza immagine gli abiti del XVII secolo.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Crossbow
title: Balestra
subject: illustration
description: Illustration of a crossbow from the 13th century from the book "History of Costumes of Peoples Throughout the Centuries" by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934. It is noted from the handwritten statutes of Ferrara from 1268 and a later one from the Republic of Modena that each soldier was required to have a cassettum, greaves and shin guards, iron gloves, an iron cap or helmet, a helm, lance, and shield, as well as a sword, spontoon, dagger, and a good horse saddle. The arrows were launched by hand or with crossbows, which had such powerful firing force that, in 1139, Pope Innocent II threatened excommunication for any Christian who used them.
description: Illustrazione di una balestra del XIII secolo dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934. Si rileva dagli statuti ferraresi manoscritti del 1268 e in uno posteriore della Repubblica di Modena, che ciascun soldato era tenuto ad avere panciera o cassettum, gambiere e schinieri, guanti di ferro, cappellina o cappello di ferro, elmo, lancia e scudo, spada, spontone, coltello e buona sella da cavallo. Le frecce venivano lanciate a mano o con le balestre, che avevano una forza di lancio tanto forte che Innocenzo II, nel 1139, minacciò di anatema chi ne avesse fatto uso tra i cristiani.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Arrows
title: Frecce
subject: illustration
description: Illustration of arrows from the 13th century from the book "History of Costumes of Peoples Throughout the Centuries" by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934. It is noted from the handwritten statutes of Ferrara from 1268 and a later one from the Republic of Modena that each soldier was required to have a cassettum, greaves and shin guards, iron gloves, an iron cap or helmet, a helm, lance, and shield, as well as a sword, spontoon, dagger, and a good horse saddle. There were many types of arrows: darts, javelins, bolts, chivarine, quarrels, balzoni, and verrettoni. They were launched by hand or with crossbows, which had such powerful firing force that, in 1139, Pope Innocent II threatened excommunication for any Christian who used them.
description: Illustrazione di frecce di cavalieri del XIII secolo dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934. Si rileva dagli statuti ferraresi manoscritti del 1268 e in uno posteriore della Repubblica di Modena, che ciascun soldato era tenuto ad avere panciera o cassettum, gambiere e schinieri, guanti di ferro, cappellina o cappello di ferro, elmo, lancia e scudo, spada, spontone, coltello e buona sella da cavallo. I tipi di freccia furono molti: dardi, giavellotti, saette, chivarine, quadrelli, balzoni, verrettoni. Venivano lanciati a mano o con le balestre, che avevano una forza di lancio tanto forte che Innocenzo II, nel 1139, minacciò di anatema chi ne avesse fatto uso tra i cristiani.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Axes, pikes and maces
title: Asce, picche e mazze
subject: illustration
description: Illustration of axes, pikes and maces from the 13th century from the book "History of Costumes of Peoples Throughout the Centuries" by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934.. It is noted from the handwritten statutes of Ferrara from 1268 and a later one from the Republic of Modena that each soldier was required to have a cassettum, greaves and shin guards, iron gloves, an iron cap or helmet, a helm, lance, and shield, as well as a sword, spontoon, dagger, and a good horse saddle. The image shows the mace, the small mallet, the maul, and the hammer. These were the weapons of bishops and abbots who took part in battles.
description: Illustrazione di asce, picche e mazze di cavalieri del XIII secolo dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934. Si rileva dagli statuti ferraresi manoscritti del 1268 e in uno posteriore della Repubblica di Modena, che ciascun soldato era tenuto ad avere panciera o cassettum, gambiere e schinieri, guanti di ferro, cappellina o cappello di ferro, elmo, lancia e scudo, spada, spontone, coltello e buona sella da cavallo. L'immagine mostra la mazza, il maglietto, il maglio e il martello. Erano le armi dei vescovi e degli abati che prendevano parte alle battaglie.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Shields from 13th century
title: Scudi del XIII secolo
subject: illustration
description: Illustration of shields from the 13th century from the book "History of Costumes of Peoples Throughout the Centuries" by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934.. It is noted from the handwritten statutes of Ferrara from 1268 and a later one from the Republic of Modena that each soldier was required to have a cassettum, greaves and shin guards, iron gloves, an iron cap or helmet, a helm, lance, and shield, as well as a sword, spontoon, dagger, and a good horse saddle. The shields generally used by Italians were the scudo, rotella, brocchiere, targa, and pavese (from the city of Pavia), varying by shape and material (they could be made of copper, steel, wood, and leather).
description: Illustrazione di scudi di cavalieri del XIII secolo dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934. Si rileva dagli statuti ferraresi manoscritti del 1268 e in uno posteriore della Repubblica di Modena, che ciascun soldato era tenuto ad avere panciera o cassettum, gambiere e schinieri, guanti di ferro, cappellina o cappello di ferro, elmo, lancia e scudo, spada, spontone, coltello e buona sella da cavallo. Gli scudi generalmente usati dagli italiani erano lo scudo, la rotella, il brocchiere, la targa e il pavese (dalla città di Pavia), a seconda della loro forma e del materiale (potevano essere di rame, acciaio, legno e cuoio).
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Swords and sabers from the 13th century
title: Spade e sciabole del XIII secolo
subject: illustration
description: Illustration of swords and sabers from the 13th century from the book "History of Costumes of Peoples Throughout the Centuries" by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934.. It is noted from the handwritten statutes of Ferrara from 1268 and a later one from the Republic of Modena that each soldier was required to have a cassettum, greaves and shin guards, iron gloves, an iron cap or helmet, a helm, lance, and shield, as well as a sword, spontoon, dagger, and a good horse saddle.
description: Illustrazione di spade e sciabole di cavalieri del XIII secolo dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934. Si rileva dagli statuti ferraresi manoscritti del 1268 e in uno posteriore della Repubblica di Modena, che ciascun soldato era tenuto ad avere panciera o cassettum, gambiere e schinieri, guanti di ferro, cappellina o cappello di ferro, elmo, lancia e scudo, spada, spontone, coltello e buona sella da cavallo.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Helmets from the 13th century
title: Elmi del XIII secolo
subject: illustration
description: Illustration of knights' helmets from the 13th century, from the book 'History of the Costume of Peoples Through the Centuries' by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934. It is noted from the handwritten statutes of Ferrara from 1268 and a later one from the Republic of Modena that each soldier was required to have a cassettum, greaves and shin guards, iron gloves, an iron cap or helmet, a helm, lance, and shield, as well as a sword, spontoon, dagger, and a good horse saddle. The image shows a tournament helmet, a horned crest, a winged crest, a royal crest, and a chainmail cap. The king’s helm was gold, that of dukes and counts was silver, gentlemen's were steel, and others' were iron.
description: Illustrazione di elmi di cavalieri del XIII secolo dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934. Si rileva dagli statuti ferraresi manoscritti del 1268 e in uno posteriore della Repubblica di Modena, che ciascun soldato era tenuto ad avere panciera o cassettum, gambiere e schinieri, guanti di ferro, cappellina o cappello di ferro, elmo, lancia e scudo, spada, spontone, coltello e buona sella da cavallo. Nell'immagine si vedono un elmo da torneo, un cimiero cornuto, un cimiero alato, un cimiero reale e un berretto a maglia. L'elmo dei re era d'oro, quello dei duchi e dei conti d'argento, quello dei gentiluomini di acciaio e di ferro quello degli altri.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Lombard warriors
title: Guerrieri lombardi
subject: illustration
description: Color illustration by Tancredi Scarpelli of Lombard warriors in the 14th-15th century, from the book "History of Costumes of Peoples Throughout the Centuries" by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934.
description: Illustrazione a colori di Tancredi Scarpelli di guerrieri lombardi nel XIV-XV secolo, dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Ancient illuminated manuscript
title: Antico codice miniato
subject: illustration
description: From an ancient illuminated manuscript: Countess Matilda, bishops, prelates, princes, and soldiers in the 11th century. Illustration from the book "History of Costumes of Peoples Throughout the Centuries" by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934.
description: Da un antico codice miniato: la contessa Matilde, vescovi, prelati, principi e soldati nel XI secolo. Illustrazione dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence

Lombard crown
title: Corona longobarda
subject: illustration
description: Illustration of a Lombard crown, kept in the Monza Cathderal (Italy), from the book "History of Costumes of Peoples Throughout the Centuries" by Paolo Lorenzini, Nerbini Publishing House, Florence, 1934.
description: Illustrazione di una corona longobarda conservata nella Cattedrale di Monza, dal libro "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" di Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Firenze, 1934.
creator: Nerbini Publishing House
source: Book "Storia del costume dei popoli attraverso i secoli" by Paolo Lorenzini, Casa Editrice Nerbini, Florence, 1934
publisher: Promoter Digital Gallery
date: 1934
contributor: Promoter S.r.l.
rights: CC-BY
format: jpg
language: en/it
type: Still image
coverage: Florence